Abstract The present study is an integral part of the project Flora of Ceará: knowing to conserve. The goal of this work was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic survey and update the geographic distribution of the tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The study is based on an analysis of specimens in national and international herbaria, collections made during fieldwork from January 2020 to May 2021, and literature. Eight genera and 20 species were recorded for Ceará, which mostly occur in areas of Stepic Savanna and Dense Ombrophylous Forest. Pavonia varians and P. vinosa are restricted to a single municipality. Malachra fasciata and Peltaea lasiantha are new records for the state of Ceará. Eleven species occur within 14 conservation units.

Resumo O presente estudo é parte integrante do projeto Flora do Ceará: conhecer para conservar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento florístico-taxonômico e atualizar a distribuição geográfica da tribo Hibisceae (Malvaceae) no estado do Ceará, Brasil. O estudo é baseado na análise de espécimes depositados em herbários nacionais e internacionais, coletas feitas durante trabalho de campo de janeiro de 2020 a maio de 2021 e literatura. Oito gêneros e 20 espécies foram registrados para o Ceará, distribuídas principalmente em áreas de Cerrado Estépico e Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Pavonia varians e P. vinosa estão restritas a um único município. Malachra fasciata e Peltaea lasiantha são novos registros para o estado do Ceará. Onze espécies ocorrem em 14 unidades de conservação.

RESUMO O maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.) é uma espécie de origem africana, pertencente à família das cucurbitáceas, muito cultivado no Brasil, porém com pouca informação sobre o controle gênico das características. Efeitos gênicos aditivos, refletidos nas estimativas dos efeitos de variedade ou desempenho “per se” é importante na expressão das características em genótipos de maxixe. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar a capacidade combinatória e o efeito gênico em genótipos de maxixe. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em dois anos, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram nove progenitores de maxixe e suas combinações híbridas obtidas em cruzamento dialélico. Nas características diâmetro, peso médio e firmeza da polpa dos frutos a heterose varietal teve expressividade maior. Em maxixe, os maiores desvios devido aos efeitos gênicos não-aditivos, foram maiores nas características diâmetro, comprimento e produtividade de frutos. Em geral, os cruzamentos que tiveram genótipos comerciais como parentais, apresentaram maiores estimativas de médias, associado em alguns casos, a estimativas favoráveis dos efeitos gênicos não-aditivos.

ABSTRACT The gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) is a species of African origin, belonging to the family of cucurbits, widely cultivated in Brazil, but with little information on the genetic control of the characteristics. Additive gene effects, reflected in estimates of variety or performance effects “per se,” are important in the expression of traits in maxixe genotypes. The objective of this study was to estimate the combinatorial capacity and the gene effect in gherkin genotypes. Two experiments were conducted in 2 years in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were nine parents of gherkin and their hybrid combinations obtained in a diallel cross. Varietal heterotic expression as the greatest in the characteristics of fruit diameter, average weight, and firmness of the fruit pulp. In gherkin genotypes, the largest deviations due to non-additive gene effects were in the characteristics of fruit diameter, length, and yield. In general, the crosses that had commercial genotypes as parents, presented high average estimates, associated in some cases with favorable estimates of non-additive gene effects.

Abstract Introduction: It is challenging to diagnose syncope in patients with pacemakers. Because these patients have increased morbidity and mortality risks, they require immediate attention to determine the causes in order to provide appropriate treatment. This study aimed to investigate the causes and predictive factors of syncope as well as the methods used to diagnose syncope in cardiac pacemaker patients. Methods: Patients with pacemakers implanted owing to sinus node disease or atrioventricular block were evaluated with standardized questionnaires, endocavitary electrograms, and other tests based on the suspected causes of syncope. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze continuous variables and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. Statistical significance was P<0.05. Results: The study included 95 patients with pacemakers: 47 experienced syncope in the last 12 months and 48 did not. Of the 100 documented episodes of syncope, 48.9% were vasovagal syncopes, 17% had cardiac-related causes, 10.6% had unknown causes, and 8.5% had pacemaker failure. The multivariate analysis showed that a New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class II was a significant factor for developing syncope (P<0.01). Conclusion: While the most common type of syncope in pacemaker patients was neurally mediated, it is important to perform detailed evaluations in this population as the causes of syncope can be life-threatening. The best diagnostic methods were stored electrogram analysis and the tilt table test. NYHA Functional Class II patients were found to have a higher risk for syncope.

Five new π-conjugated chromophores derived from acrylic acid and acrylonitrile were synthesized and their thermal and photophysical behaviors were analyzed. They were designed and synthesized through Knoevenagel condensations between arylacetylenebenzaldehydes and a methylene group activated from cyanoacetic and malonic acids. The characterization of the target compounds was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), absorption and emission spectroscopy techniques. Arylcinnamic acids were obtained as pure E-isomers. On the other hand, arylacrylonitrile was obtained as a mixture of E/Z-isomers and the pure E-isomer was isolated in chromatographic columns. The liquid crystal properties were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. All chromophores displayed smectic and nematic mesophases. These materials displayed intense fluorescence under UV-Vis light excitation. The maximum absorption peaks were observed between 342-356 nm while emission varied from 428 to 460 nm in chloroform solution. Higher values for the quantum fluorescence yield were associated with acrylic acids compared to arylacrylonitriles. The solvatochromism studies of the materials showed a significant increase in the red-shift of the fluorescence spectra as the polarity of the solvent increased. In some cases, a variation in the emission wavelength from the blue to the green region of the spectrum was observed.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a prevalência de casos de hanseníase, tendo como parâmetros número de casos diagnosticados, faixa etária, sexo, forma clínica da doença, grau de incapacidade física, nervos acometidos e esquema terapêutico. Métodos Trata-se de estudo descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação, referentes ao período de 2014 a 2017 e relativos ao estado do Mato Grosso (MT), Brasil. Resultados No período em estudo notificaram-se 11.388 casos no estado, com maior prevalência no ano de 2017. A maior parte dos casos diagnosticados foi em indivíduos com mais de 15 anos, com discreto predomínio no sexo masculino. Prevaleceu o grau zero de incapacidade física durante o diagnóstico e menos de cinco nervos em cada indivíduo, naqueles com nervos afetado. Conclusão A análise da prevalência e do perfil epidemiológico de casos da hanseníase no estado de Mato Grosso (MT) torna-se essencial para o enfrentamento da doença, pois auxilia no manejo e no tratamento, com ênfase no trabalho multiprofissional para recuperação dos casos já existentes e na prevenção de novos casos, especialmente em estados hiperendêmicos.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the prevalence of leprosy cases using as parameters the number of diagnosed cases, age group, sex, clinical form of the disease, degree of physical disability, affected nerves, and therapeutic methods. Methods This was a descriptive study. Data were collected in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação) from 2014 to 2017 in the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. Results In the studied period, 11,388 cases were notified in the state, with a higher prevalence in the year 2017. Most cases were diagnosed in individuals older than 15 years with a slight predominance of men. During diagnosis, there was prevalence of zero degree of physical disability and among individuals with affected nerves, mostly had less than five nerves affected. Conclusion Analyzing the prevalence and epidemiological profile of leprosy cases in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) turns to be essential for coping with the disease, as it helps in its management and treatment, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary approach for the recovery of existing cases and prevention of new cases, especially at hyperendemic states.

Resumen La lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) es la principal hortaliza de hoja cultivada en Brasil. Su productividad y calidad están limitadas por la temporada de cultivo, el entorno cercano y el tipo de cultivar adoptado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar en diferentes épocas del año el mejor ambiente de plantación para el cultivo de lechuga en clima tropical semi-húmedo. Para el efecto, se instaló un experimento en tres épocas diferentes (octubre - noviembre de 2014, enero - marzo, mayo - julio de 2015). El diseño experimental fue bloques al azar, en arreglo factorial 3 x 3 x 2, consistente en tres épocas, tres cultivares (cvs. Vera®, Tainá® y Rafaela®) y dos ambientes de cultivo (túnel bajo con camas protegidas con mulching consistente en la protección del suelo con cobertura de tela plástica, y camas sin protección o cultivo convencional) y cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Como parámetros de respuesta fueron evaluados la biomasa de las plantas, la longitud del tallo, diámetro de la cabeza, el número de hojas por cabeza y productividad del cultivo. Los resultados mostraron que el periodo mayo-julio favorece la producción de biomasa, el diámetro de la cabeza y la productividad. No obstante, la similitud entre variedades, la variedad Vera® es más productiva en biomasa, número de hojas por cabeza, longitud del tallo y productividad. El sistema de siembra en túnel bajo con mulching es adecuado en las condiciones evaluadas para el cultivo de lechuga. Este sistema el periodo de mayo-julio favorece un desarrollo superior en las características biomasa, diámetro de la cabeza y productividad, si se compara con el cultivo convencional durante el periodo de octubre - noviembre.

Abstract Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the main leafy vegetable cultivated in Brazil. Productivity and quality are constraints related to the growing season, close environment and the type of cultivar adopted. The objective of this study was to verify, at different times, the best planting environment for growing lettuce in a semi-humid tropical climate. For this purpose, an experiment was installed at three different seasons (October - November 2014, January - March, May - July 2015). The experimental design was in random blocks, in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, for three seasons with three lettuce cultivars (Vera®, Tainá® and Rafaela®) and two cropping environments (low tunnel with beds protected by mulching; and beds without protection or conventional crop), with four replicates per treatment. The following were evaluated: fresh mass of the plants; stem length; head diameter; number of leaves per head; head volume; productivity. The results showed that the May/Jul period favors lettuce fresh mass, head diameter and productivity. Vera® variety is more productive for biomass, number of leaves per head, stem length and productivity despite being similar to the other varieties. The low tunnel system associated with mulching can be considered adequate under the conditions evaluated for lettuce cultivation. The May/Jul Period associated with the low tunnel with mulching presented a superior biomass production, head diameter and productivity, in relation to conventional cropping during the Oct/Nov period.

Abstract Ethylene can change the flowering pattern of some cucurbits, favoring the emergence of female flowers. The objective was to determine the influence of doses and number of ethephon applications in sex reversal of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). The experiment was conducted in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, plus a control (natural flowering), the first factor being the ethephon doses (125, 250, 375 and 500 mg·L-1) and the second the number of applications (1, 2, 3 and 4). Ethephon influenced the sexual expression of zucchini, but not enough to achieve complete sex reversal. The 500 mg·L-1 dose provided the largest feminization for all applications. Ethephon might be a useful tool for zucchini breeding programs.

Resumen El etileno puede cambiar el patrón de floración de algunas cucurbitáceas, lo que favorece la aparición de flores femeninas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de las dosis y el número de aplicaciones de etefón en la reversión sexual de flores de calabacita (Cucurbita pepo L.). El experimento se realizó bajo un arreglo factorial 4 x 4, más un testigo (floración natural); el primer factor fue la dosis de etefón (125, 250, 375 y 500 mg·L-1), y el segundo fue el número de aplicaciones (1, 2, 3 y 4). El etefón influyó en la expresión sexual de la calabacita, pero no lo suficiente como para lograr una reversión sexual completa. La dosis de 500 mg·L-1 de etefón proporcionó la mayor feminización en todas las aplicaciones; por lo que, el etefón podría ser una herramienta útil en los programas de reproducción de calabacita.

Resumen Introducción. El crecimiento, la producción y la calidad de okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) están relacionados con la aplicación de fertilizantes, siendo el nitrógeno (N) el que más destaca, debido a la relación directa con la fotosíntesis y crecimiento vegetativo de la planta. Objetivo. El objetivo fue evaluar las características agronómicas y de productividad de okra en función de la dosis de N. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en el área experimental Campus Gurupi, de la Universidad Federal de Tocantins (UFT), Brasil, en dos períodos de siembra (otoño/invierno y primavera/verano). El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques al azar (DBC), con seis tratamientos (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 y 250 kg N ha-1) y cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizó urea como fuente de N. Las características evaluadas fueron: productividad, masa media del fruto, altura e índice de clorofila de la planta. Resultados. La productividad y la altura de la planta resultaron superiores en el cultivo de otoño/invierno. La masa media e índice de clorofila no sufrieron influencia por el período de siembra. Para la productividad, se obtuvo una respuesta lineal en aumento de la dosis hasta el límite de la dosis de N utilizada (250 kg ha-1), con valor medio superior a 14 t de fruto. La masa media y la altura de la planta respondieron linealmente al aumento de la dosis de N. El nitrógeno afectó el índice de clorofila, con valores máximos de 45,96 y 47,19, observados en los dos periodos de evaluación. Conclusión. La época de siembra y el contenido de N en el suelo interactuaron con la altura de la planta, siendo favorable en el periodo que no hubo precipitación. El N influyó en todas las características, lo que demuestra la importancia de la fertilización nitrogenada en el desarrollo de las plantas de okra.

Abstract Introduction. The growth, production, and quality of the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) are related to the application of fertilizers with nitrogen (N) being the most prominent, due to the direct relationship with photosynthesis and vegetative growth of the plant. Objective. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic and productivity characteristics of the okra based on the dose of N. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the experimental area Campus Gurupi, of the Universidad Federal de Tocantins (UFT), in two planting periods (autumn/winter and spring/summer). The experimental design used was randomized blocks (DBC) with six treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha-1) and four repetitions. Urea was used as a source of N. The characteristics evaluated were: productivity, average fruit mass, height and chlorophyll index of the plant. Results. The productivity and height of the plant were higher in the autumn/winter crop. The average mass and chlorophyll index were not influenced by the sowing period. For productivity a linear response was obtained, increasing the dose up to the limit of the dose of N used (250 kg ha-1), with an average value higher than 14 t of fruit. The mean mass and plant height responded linearly to the increase in the dose of N. Nitrogen affected the chlorophyll index, with maximum values of 45.96 and 47.19, observed in the two evaluation periods. Conclusion. The sowing season and the N content in the soil interacted with the height of the plant, being favorable in the period when there was no precipitation. N influenced all characteristics, demonstrating the importance of nitrogen fertilization development okra plants.

Abstract Brazil imports a large amount of onion and the producing states are restricted to the Central-South regions; therefore, it is essential to identify new areas with production potential. In the state of Tocantins, located in northern Brazil, there is no record of commercial onion cultivation for bulb production; consequently, it is important to determine the best date for the establishment of this crop. The aim of this research was to determine the adaptation and yield potential of onion planted on three dates in the town of Gurupi, Tocantins. Three experiments were established using the hybrids NUN 1205, Dulciana, and Cimarron, all of early-maturity, and three transplant dates: May 26, June 26 and July 26, 2015. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates was used. The bulb was evaluated in terms of commercial yield, average weight, shape and diameter, as well as plant height, pseudostem diameter and number of leaves. In postharvest, concentration levels of pyruvic acid, pH, size and bulb classification were determined. In July and June, commercial bulb yield was 27.90 and 58.05 t∙ha-1, respectively. The average bulb weight varied from 93 to 193 g∙bulb-1, where the round shape predominated. The most suitable month for transplanting onion in the region is June, which was when the highest yield was recorded. The classification of the bulbs obtained on the three dates and from the evaluated hybrids covers the demands of the market. In addition, the commercial yield was similar to that obtained in other producing regions. In July, the hybrid Cimarron obtained a lower yield than the national average; for this reason, its production is not recommended in that month.

Resumen Brasil importa gran cantidad de cebolla, y los estados productores se restringen a las regiones centro-sur; por ello, es indispensable identificar nuevas áreas con potencial de producción. En el estado de Tocantins, al norte de Brasil, no existen antecedentes de cultivo comercial de cebolla para la producción de bulbo; por lo que es importante determinar la mejor fecha de establecimiento del cultivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la adaptación y potencial de rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla establecido en tres fechas en la localidad de Gurupi, Tocantins. Se establecieron tres experimentos con los híbridos NUN 1205, Dulciana y Cimarron, todos de ciclo precoz, y tres fechas de trasplante: 26 de mayo, 26 de junio y 26 de julio de 2015. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El bulbo se evaluó en términos de: rendimiento comercial, peso medio, forma y diámetro; así como, altura de planta, diámetro del pseudotallo y número de hojas. En poscosecha se determinó: grado de concentración de ácido pirúvico, pH, tamaño y clasificación de bulbo. El rendimiento comercial de bulbo fue 27.90 y 58.05 t∙ha-1, para julio y junio, respectivamente. El peso medio de bulbo varió de 93 a 193 g∙bulbo-1, donde predominó la forma redondeada. La fecha más adecuada para sembrar cebolla en la región es junio, que fue donde se observó el mayor rendimiento. La clasificación obtenida de los bulbos, en las tres fechas e híbridos evaluados, cubre las exigencias del mercado. Además, su rendimiento comercial fue semejante al obtenido en regiones productoras. El híbrido Cimarron tuvo menor producción, comparado con la media nacional, en julio; por lo que no se recomienda su manejo en ese mes.

Abstract The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important agroenergy source for producing ethanol, which is mainly made from renewable sources through the conversion of mono- and disaccharides (sugarcane, beet, corn, wheat, sweet potato, cassava, etc.). The aim of this research was to obtain new sweet potato genotypes with high potential for ethanol production from simple crosses to be used as commercial varieties. For this, crosses were made from selected parents with high root yield and dry matter content. A hundred single crosses were evaluated in two environments using an experimental lattice design with three replicates. It was observed that the use of single crosses is an effective strategy for exploiting sweet potato variability. Of the 73 hybrids evaluated, eight exceeded the best cultivars used as controls. The crosses BDI#57, BDI#73, BDI#52 and the cultivar Duda, with ethanol yields of 9.45, 10.37, 10.85 and 11.24 m3∙h-1, respectively, were the best in root production; in addition, they had a low incidence of soil insect attack, so they represent a good alternative for the cultivation of sweet potato intended for the ethanol-producing industry.

Resumen El camote (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) es una fuente agroenergética de importancia para la producción de etanol, el cual es producido principalmente a partir de fuentes renovables mediante la conversión de mono y disacáridos (caña de azúcar, betabel, maíz, trigo, batata, camote, yuca, etc.). El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener nuevos genotipos de camote con alto potencial de producción de etanol a partir de cruzas simples para emplearse como variedades comerciales. Para ello, se realizaron cruzamientos a partir de progenitores seleccionados con alto rendimiento y contenido de materia seca de raíces. Se evaluaron 100 cruzas simples en dos ambientes empleando el diseño experimental látice con tres repeticiones. Se observó que el uso de cruzamientos simples es una estrategia eficaz para el aprovechamiento de la variabilidad de camote. De 73 híbridos evaluados, ocho superaron los mejores cultivares utilizados como testigo. Los cruzamientos BDI#57, BDI#73, BDI#52 y el cultivar Duda, con rendimientos de etanol de 9.45, 10.37, 10.85 y 11.24 m3∙h-1, respectivamente, fueron los mejores en la producción de raíces; además, tuvieron incidencia baja de ataque de insectos del suelo, por lo que representan una buena alternativa para el cultivo de camote destinado a la industria productora de etanol.

Resumo Fundamento: A cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática (CMDid) possui poucos preditores de mortalidade descritos: a baixa fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) e a baixa capacidade funcional, sendo esta subjetiva. Objetivo: Os objetivos desse estudo foram (i) Avaliar se as classes funcionais propostas pela NYHA, modificada para crianças, estiveram associadas entre a percepção médica (CFm), dos pais ou representantes (CFp) e das próprias crianças avaliadas (CFc). (ii) Avaliar se houve correlação entre VO2 max e a classificação proposta por Weber. Método: Crianças com CMDid e com IC por CMDid prévia com FEVE preservada, na fase pré-puberdade foram selecionadas submetidas a avaliações de ergoespirometria e classificação da classe funcional. As crianças utilizaram uma representação gráfica para se intitular quanto à classe funcional. Resultado: O teste Chi-quadrado mostrou que houve associação ente a CFm e CFp (1, n = 31) = 20,6; p = 0,002. Não houve associação significativa entre CFp e CFc (1, n = 31) = 6,7; p = 0,4. As CF segundo médico e CFc não foram, tampouco, associadas (1, n = 31) = 1,7; p = 0,8. A classificação de Weber foi significativamente associada às três classes funcionais (classificação de Weber e CFm (1, n = 19) = 11,8; p = 0,003; classificação de Weber e CFp (1, n = 19) = 20,4; p = 0,0001; classificação de Weber e CFc (1, n = 19) = 6.4; p = 0.04.). Conclusão: A representação gráfica serviu para que as crianças pudessem se classificar segundo a NYHA, que se demonstrou associada com a estratificação de Weber.

Abstract Background: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), most common cardiac cause of pediatric deaths, mortality descriptor: a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and low functional capacity (FC). FC is never self reported by children. Objective: The aims of this study were (i) To evaluate whether functional classifications according to the children, parents and medical staff were associated. (iv) To evaluate whether there was correlation between VO2 max and Weber's classification. Method: Prepubertal children with IDCM and HF (by previous IDCM and preserved LVEF) were selected, evaluated and compared. All children were assessed by testing, CPET and functional class classification. Results: Chi-square test showed association between a CFm and CFp (1, n = 31) = 20.6; p = 0.002. There was no significant association between CFp and CFc (1, n = 31) = 6.7; p = 0.4. CFm and CFc were not associated as well (1, n = 31) = 1.7; p = 0.8. Weber's classification was associated to CFm (1, n = 19) = 11.8; p = 0.003, to CFp (1, n = 19) = 20.4; p = 0.0001and CFc (1, n = 19) = 6.4; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Drawing were helpful for children's self NYHA classification, which were associated to Weber's stratification.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar dados relativos à função cardiopulmonar e capacidade funcional em crianças saudáveis submetidas a ergoespirometria. Uma revisão meta-analítica sistemática de ergoespirometria em crianças foi realizada com base na literatura indexada no PubMed, Bireme, e Embase. Os parâmetros pesquisados foram: idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal, avaliação da maturação, tipo de ergômetro utilizado para ergoespirometria, e os valores cardiopulmonares relacionados (frequência cardíaca máxima e consumo máximo de oxigênio [VO2]). Vinte artigos foram selecionados, que incluíram 3808 crianças, com uma média de 9,1 anos de idade. Esteiras erogmétricas foram utilizadas em 55% dos ensaios, e bicicletas erogmétricas em outros 45% incluídos nesta análise. Os seguintes resultados estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas: em análise de subgrupo, valores de VO2 de pico em meninos, obtidos na esteira foram 20% maiores do que os respectivos valores em meninas na bicicleta ergométrica valores de VO2 pico em meninos na esteira foram 18% maiores do que para meninas no mesmo ergômetro. O Índice de massa corpórea correlacionou-se inversamente com VO2 de pico na análise total e em meninas testadas em ciclo-ergômetro. A frequência cardíaca máxima durante o teste ergo-espirométrico foi 5,6 BPM superior aos 95% da freqüência cardíaca máxima prevista. A maior parte dos parâmetros ergo-espirométricos não havia sido relatada nos estudos originais por nós analisados. A conclusão desta metanálise é que o valor de VO2 de pico para crianças pré-púberes é cerca de 18% maior nos meninos versus meninas e em esteira vs. ciclo-ergômetro.

The objective of the paper was to analyze cardiopulmonary data and functional capacity in healthy children who have undergone ergospirometry. A systematic meta-analysis review of ergospirometry in children was performed based on reports indexed in PubMed, Bireme, and Embase. End points were age, sex, body mass index, maturation evaluation, the type of ergometer used for ergospirometry, and cardiopulmonary related values (peak heart rate and peak oxygen consumption [VO2]). Twenty articles were selected, which included 3,808 children, averaging 9.1years of age. A treadmill was used in 55% of the trials, and a cycle ergometer in the other 45% studies included in this analysis. The following statistically significant results were found: on subgroup analysis, peak VO2 values in boys on the treadmill was 20% higher than peak VO2 values in girls on the cycle ergometer; peak VO2 values in boys on the treadmill were 18% greater than that for girls on the same ergometer. BMI was inversely correlated with peak VO2 in the total analysis, and in female subjects on cycle ergometers. Peak heart rate during the ergospirometrical test was 5.6 BPM higher than the estimated 95% maximum heart rate. Most of the ergospirometrical parameters had not been reported in the original trials analyzed here. We conclude that peak VO2 value for pre-pubertal children are circa 18% higher in boys vs. girls and overall higher in treadmill vs. cycle ergometers.

<p>A temperatura elevada do local de cultivo pode afetar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos do tomateiro. Nessa situação, uma alternativa para os produtores, é o uso de cultivares híbridas que produzem frutos longa vida com maior tempo de conservação em pós-colheita, quando comparado com cultivares de frutos normais. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a conservação em pós-colheita de frutos de híbridos de tomateiro longa vida estrutural e com mutante <italic>rin</italic> cultivados em duas épocas sobre ambiente protegido na região Sul do estado do Tocantins. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 15 genótipos, sendo quatro híbridos com frutos tipo longa vida (com alelo <italic>rin</italic>) que foram: Tyler, Rebeca, Carmem e AF 13527; nove híbridos com frutos tipo longa vida estrutural: Lumi, Débora Max, Michelli, Tammy, AF 12525, AF 11097, AF 13363, AF 13364 e AF 13525 e duas cultivares de frutos normais: Santa Clara e Drica. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio de <italic>breaker</italic>e armazenados em ambiente controlado (20 ºC e umidade relativa de 60%). A meia vida da firmeza dos frutos dos genótipos com <italic>background</italic> genotípico longa-vida estrutural variou de 6,25 a 13,44 dias nos genótipos Tammy e AF13525, respectivamente, não diferindo dos genótipos longa-vida com alelo <italic>rin</italic>. Apesar das temperaturas diurnas terem sido superiores às recomendadas para o cultivo do tomate, observou-se que, se os frutos forem colhidos no estádio de "breaker" a coloração e firmeza dos frutos nos genótipos longa-vida <italic>rin</italic> e <italic>background</italic> genotípico estrutural evolui mais lentamente que os frutos de genótipo normal, necessitando de 8 dias depois de colhidos para estarem com mais de 80% da superfície do fruto vermelha.</p>

<p>The high temperature of growth environment can affect the postharvest quality of tomato fruits. In this situation, an alternative for the farmers is the use of hybrid cultivars that produce long shelf life fruit with longer postharvest shelf life when compared to normal varieties of fruits. The objective of this research was to compare the postharvest conservation of fruits of structural long shelf life tomato hybrids and with the mutant<italic> rin</italic>. The fruits evaluated were from fifteen tomato genotypes produced under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the southern State of Tocantins, being four of them long shelf life type hybrids (with <italic>rin</italic> allele) which were: Tyler, Rebeca, Carmem and AF 13527; nine of them structural long shelf life hybrids: Lumi, Débora Max, Michelli, Tammy, AF 12525, AF 11097, AF 13363, AF 13364 and AF 13525; and two normal fruit cultivars: Santa Clara and Drica. The fruits were harvested at the breaker stage and stored in a controlled environment (20 °C and relative humidity of 60%). The half-life firmness of fruits of genotypes with a structural genotypic long shelf life background ranged from 6.25 to 13.44 days for the genotypes Tammy and AF13525, respectively, not differing from the long shelf life genotypes with <italic>rin</italic> allele. Despite the fact that daytime temperatures are higher than those recommended for the tomatoes crops, it was observed that if the fruits are stored in appropriate conditions (20 °C and relative humidity of 60%), the color and firmness of the fruits with a long shelf life genotypes with <italic>rin</italic> allele and structural genotypic background evolve more slowly than the fruits of normal genotypes. Under these conditions, it took the fruits 7 to 8 days to acquire a red color on more than 80% of the surface after being harvested.</p>

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: O monitoramento ambulatorial da pressão arterial é recomendado para várias doenças na infância; no entanto, até o momento, não existem relatos sobre a sua utilização no acompanhamento das crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada. Avaliamos o padrão de monitoramento ambulatorial da pressão arterial em crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada, correlacionando estes dados com altura, peso e índice de massa corporal. MÉTODO: crianças pré-púberes com cardiomiopatia dilatada foram avaliadas por monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial. Foram coletados dados de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Médias para as pressões de 24 horas, pressões diurnas e noturnas, bem como padrões de redução noturna (dipping patterns) e pressões acima dos valores normais foram computados. RESULTADOS: crianças com cardiomiopatia apresentam pressão arterial semelhante a de crianças normais. O peso corporal correlacionou significativamente com pressão sistólica noturna. Crianças com fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda < 50% têm menos de 6% descenso da pressão arterial diastólica. Essas mesmas crianças também receberam doses mais elevadas de carvedilol e captopril. CONCLUSÕES: As crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática têm os mesmos valores de pressão arterial e padrões de descenso da pressão arterial no monitoramento ambulatorial de pressão arterial esperados para crianças normais e saudáveis. Crianças com baixa fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo têm menor padrão de descenso (dipping pattern).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is recommended for several diseases in childhood; however, there are no reports about its use in the monitoring of children with dilated cardiomyopathy so far. We evaluated the pattern of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and correlated it to height, weight, and body mass index. METHODS: Prepubertal children with dilated cardiomyopathy were assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Data were collected for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Means, for 24hours, daytime, and nighttime, dipping pattern and levels above the normal expected values were computed. RESULTS: Children with cardiomyopathy have the same blood pressure as normal kids. Weight was moderately but significantly correlated to nighttime systolic blood pressure. Children with left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% have 6% less diastolic blood pressure dipping. These same children were also receiving higher doses of carvedilol and captopril. CONCLUSIONS: Children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have the same blood pressure values and blood pressure dipping patterns on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as normal healthy children are expected to have. Children with low left ventricular ejection pressure have lower dipping pattern.